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| Newton with a prism splitting the different colors of light |
ALDERNEY Europe
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Ag .925, 28 g. S5PND 2006 Sir Isaac Newton KM# 127a
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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| Drake equation for calculating the probability of finding extraterrestrial life |
AUSTRIA - REPUBLIC
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25E 2022 Bi-Met Extraterrestrial Life Silver-Niobium
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NGC MS 70
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| Einstein, E=mc^2 and many other formulas |
BELGIUM Europe
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Ag .925, 18.75 g. S10E 2016 Albert Einstein KM# 358
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NGC PF 70 ULTRA CAMEO
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Albert Einstein, 1879-1955. Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theory of relativity, but he also made important contributions to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics. Relativity and quantum mechanics are together the two pillars of modern physics. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from relativity theory, has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation". Einstein received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
His image, equations and the exact speed of light in a vacuum (c = 299792458 m/s) can be found on the coins of numerous countries, including Belgium, Benin, Canada, China, Congo, Cook Islands, France, Germany, Ghana, Israel, Ireland, Liberia, Niue, N. Marianas, Papua New Guinea, San Marino, Switzerland and Ukraine.
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| Einstein with his equation E=mc^2 |
BENIN
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S500F 2005 Albert Einstein
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NGC PF 68 ULTRA CAMEO
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| E = mc^2 privy mark |
CANADA - BULLION North America
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Ag .999, 1 oz. S$5 2015 MAPLE LEAF E=mc2 PRIVY
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NGC RP 69
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| Einstein's E = mc^2 and other equations |
CHINA - COMMEMORATIVES Asia
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Ag .925, 27 g. S10Y 1991 ALBERT EINSTEIN SERIES II KM# 375
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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| Einstein, E = mc^2 |
CONGO REPUBLIC Africa
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Au .999, 0.5 g. G1000F 2016 Congo Rep. Albert Einstein
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NGC PF 70 ULTRA CAMEO
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| dilation formula: s^2 = c^2t2 - (x^2 + y^2 + z^2) |
COOK ISLANDS Pacific Ocean
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Ag .999, 15.55 g. S$2 2015 Cook Is. SPACE TIME CONTINUUM KM# 1693
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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| Tesla, 1 Tesla = 1 Weber per square meter |
CROATIA Europe
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Ag .925, 24 g. S150K 2006 NIKOLA TESLA KM# 86
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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Nikola Tesla, 1856-1943, a Serbian-American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer and futurist, best known for his contributions to the design of modern alternating current electricity supply system. One Tesla equals one Weber per square meter, a unit of magnetic flux density. A coin from Croatia and a note from Serbia both show Tesla and the equation T = Wb/m^2.
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| Orsted showing a compass needle deflected by an electric current |
DENMARK 1873 TO DATE
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20K 2013 H. C. Orsted Electromagnetism
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NGC MS 65
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| Einstein, E=mc^2 |
FRANCE - PART 5
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S10F 2000 20TH CENTURY PHYSICAL SCIENCES
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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| A plot of a Gaussian distribution with the mean and standard deviation indicated |
GERMANY - MODERN 2 Europe
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Ag .500, 20.9 g. S20M 1977 E. CARL FRIEDRICH GAUSS KM# 66
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NGC MS 67
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Johan Carl Fredrich Gauss, 1777-1855, was a German mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields in mathematics and science. He is known for many things, including the “Gaussian” or normal distribution of random numbers, shown on the graphs with mean (mu) and standard deviation (sigma) indicated.
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| Planck with his formula, E=hv, where h is Planck's Constant |
GERMANY - MODERN 2 Europe
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Cu-Ni-Zn 5M 1983 E. MAX PLANCK KM# 91
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NGC PF 68 ULTRA CAMEO
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Max Karl Planck, 1888-1947, was a was a German theoretical physicist whose discovery of energy quanta won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918. Coins of E. Germany, Germany and Togo celebrate his most famous equation,
E = hν, where Energy (E, Joules) is equal to Planck’s constant (h = 6.626 x 10^-34 J/Hz) times the frequency (ν in Hertz, actually the lower-case Greek letter nu).
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| Einstein's E = m c^2 and an image of a mass warping space |
GERMANY - MODERN 2 Europe
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Ag .925, 18 g. S10E 2005J J ALBERT EINSTEIN'S THEORY KM# 238
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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| Planck and energy graphs |
GERMANY - MODERN 2 Europe
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Ag .925, 18 g. S10E 2008F F MAX PLANCK KM# 272
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NGC PF 68 ULTRA CAMEO
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| Democritus and the atomic symbol |
GREECE Europe
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Clad 10D 1978 KM # 119
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NGC MS 66
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| Pythagoras and his Theorem expressed geometrically: 3x3 squares + 4x4 squares = 5x5 squares |
GREECE Europe
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Ag .925, 34 g. S10E 2013 PYTHAGORAS KM# 254
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NGC PF 70 ULTRA CAMEO
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Pythagoras and his Theorem relating the lengths of the 3 sides of a right triangle, a^2 + b^2 = c^2, illustrated graphically.
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| Several mathematical formulas and operators |
GREECE Europe
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Ag .925, 10 g. S6E 2018 Year of Mathematics Colorized KM# 307
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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| Planetary orbits |
GREAT BRITAIN - DECIMAL Europe
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Ag .925, 16 g. S50P 2017 PIEFORT G.britain SIR ISAAC NEWTON KM# 1430a
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NGC PF 68 ULTRA CAMEO
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Sir Isaac Newton, 1642-1727, was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author (described in his time as a "natural philosopher") widely recognized as one of the greatest mathematicians and physicists of all time and among the most influential scientists. His work with optics, F = ma (Force equals Mass times Acceleration), gravitational attraction (F = G m1 m2 / r^2), orbital mechanics and more are celebrated on the coins and currency of many countries.
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| Planetary orbits |
GREAT BRITAIN - DECIMAL Europe
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Clad 50P 2017 G.britain SIR ISAAC NEWTON KM# 1430
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NGC MS 64 DPL
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| Black hole equation and illustration |
GREAT BRITAIN - DECIMAL Europe
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Ag .925, 8 g. S50P 2019 G.britain Stephen Hawking
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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Stephen Hawking, 1942-2018, English theoretical physicist, cosmologist and author, who did pioneering work on black holes. The formula shown is for the energy of a black hole, S = k c^3 A / 4 h G. Great Britain issued silver proof and clad business strikes.
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| Black hole equation and illustration |
GREAT BRITAIN - DECIMAL Europe
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Clad 50P 2019 G.britain Stephen Hawking
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NGC MS 69 DPL
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| Einstein's E=mc^2 |
GHANA Africa
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Ag .925, 8.5 g. + Ta 10 g. 5C 2017 Bi-met Exploration I Ag-Tantalum
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NGC PF 70 ULTRA CAMEO
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| Einstein, E=mc^2 |
GHANA
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2C 2020 Albert Einstein Titanium
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NGC MS 69
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| Diagram |
HUNGARY 1800 TO DATE Europe
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Ag .925, 31.46 g. S3000F 2002BP BP JANOS BOLYAI KM# 763
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NGC MS 69
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| Elliptical coin, with one of Wigner's equations |
HUNGARY 1800 TO DATE europe
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Ag .925, 12.5 g. S3000F 2013BP BP JENO WIGNER KM# 856
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NGC PF 70 ULTRA CAMEO
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Eugene Wigner, 1902-1995, Hungarian-American theoretical physicist who also contributed to mathematical physics. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963.
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| Partial differential symbol and a plot |
HUNGARY 1800 TO DATE Europe
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Clad 2000F 2022BP BP Peter Lax
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NGC MS 70
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| Lax, partial differential symbol |
HUNGARY 1800 TO DATE
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S7500F 2022BP Peter Lax
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NGC PF 70 ULTRA CAMEO
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| Eotvos, equations |
HUNGARY 1800 TO DATE
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S10KF 2019BP Lorad Eotvos 100th Anniv. of Death
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NGC PF 70 ULTRA CAMEO
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| Bolyai with a plot |
HUNGARY 1800 TO DATE
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S3000F 2002BP JANOS BOLYAI
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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| The Hamiltonian operator of vector calculus |
IRELAND - REPUBLIC Europe
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Ag .925, 28.28 g. S10E 2005 William Rowan Hamilton 200th Anniv. of Birth KM# 44
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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From Ireland, a 2005 10 Euro coin honors Sir William Rowan Hamilton and his Hamilton mathematical operator, ∇, also called nabla, a symbolic first-order differential operator, used for the notation of one of the principal differential operations of vector analysis.
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| E = mc^2, with particle decay |
IRELAND - REPUBLIC Europe
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Ag .925, 28.28 g. S15E 2015 ERNEST WALTON KM# 87
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NGC PF 68 ULTRA CAMEO
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| Parsons with a steam engine |
IRELAND - REPUBLIC Europe
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Ag .925, 28.28 g. S15E 2017 Charles Parsons Engineer KM# 93
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NGC PF 70 ULTRA CAMEO
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| Einstein's E = mc^2 |
ISRAEL - REFORM Middle East
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Ag .925, 14.4 g. S1NS JE5765//2005 Israel EINSTEIN'S THEORY OF RELATIVITY - 100TH ANNIV. KM# 396
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NGC MS 68
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| Einstein's E = mc^2 |
ISRAEL - REFORM Middle East
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Ag .925, 28.8 g. S2NS JE5765//2005 Israel EINSTEIN'S THEORY OF RELATIVITY - 100TH ANNIV. KM# 397
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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| Einstein, E = mc^2 |
LIBERIA Africa
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Au .999, 0.73 g. G$25 2001 ALBERT EINSTEIN
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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| The Pythadorean Theorem for the lengths of the sides in a right triangle: a^2 + b^2 = c^2 |
MONGOLIA Asia
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G500T 2008 PYTHAGORAS
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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| Exact speed of light in a vacuum: 299,792,458 m/s |
NIUE Pacific Ocean
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Ag .999, 2 oz. S$2 2016MW MW SPEED OF LIGHT KM# 1385
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NGC PF 69 ANTIQUED
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The length of a meter was adjusted to make the speed of light in a vacuum in meters per second come out exactly to an integer: 299,792,458.00000... m/s.
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| Newton and his formula for gravitational attraction |
NIUE Pacific Ocean
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Ag .999, 1 oz. S$2 2022 Isaac Newton
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NGC MS 70
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Newton's law for gravitational attraction is written in the book underneath the apple.
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| Einstein, E = mc^2 |
NIUE
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S$2 2022 Albert Einstein
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NGC MS 69
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| Einstein, E = mc^2 |
NEW GUINEA & PAPUA
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G5K 2013 P.n.guinea Albert Einstein
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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| Einstein, E = mc^2 |
FANTASY COINS
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S$5 2004 N.mariana ALBERT EINSTEIN-HOLOGRAM MEDALLIC COINAGE
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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| Abel with plots and diagrams |
NORWAY 1874 TO DATE Europe
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Cu-Zn-Ni 20K 2002 NIELS HENRIK ABEL KM# 471
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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Niels Abel, 1802-1829, Norwegian mathematician who made pioneering contributions in a variety of fields. The Abel Prize in mathematics, originally proposed to complement the Nobel Prizes, is named in his honor.
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| Some of Banach's formulas |
POLAND 1990 TO DATE Europe
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Brass 2Z 2012MW MW STEFAN BANACH Y# 817
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NGC MS 65
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| More of Banach's formulas |
POLAND 1990 TO DATE Europe
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Ag .925, 14.14 g. S10Z 2012MW MW STEFAN BANACH Y# 818
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NGC PF 68 ULTRA CAMEO
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Stefan Banach, 1892-1945, Polish mathematician, who is generally considered one of the 20th century’s most important and influential mathematicians. Poland issued 2 Zloty business strike brass, 10 Zloty proof silver and 200 Zloty gold coins.
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| Lebedev's formula for the pressure of light |
RUSSIA - SOVIET Europe
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Cu-Ni ROUBLE 1991 Ussr PETER LEBEDEV 125TH ANNIV. OF BIRTH Y# 261
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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Pyotr Lebedev, 1866-1912, Russian physicist, was the first to measure the pressure of light on a solid body in 1899; this is illustrated in the equation.
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| Euler's infinite sum formula for pi |
RUSSIA - FEDERATION Europe
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Ag .925, 19 g. S2R 2007(M) L. EULER 300TH ANNIV. OF BIRTH Y# 1106
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NGC PF 70 ULTRA CAMEO
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Leonard Euler, 1707-1783, Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician and engineer. Euler is credited with popularizing the Greek letter pi to denote the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter, as well as many other symbols still in common use today. The formula shown is his solution to the Basel Problem, proving the sum of the infinite squared integer reciprocals equaled exactly pi^2 / 6.
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| Frank and a vector diagram |
RUSSIA - FEDERATION Europe
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Ag .925, 17 g. S2R 2008(SP) PHYSICIST I.M FRANK 100TH ANNIV. OF BIRTH KM# 1134
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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Ilya Frank, 1908-1990, Soviet winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1958, for his work explaining Cherenkov Radiation.
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| Vega diagram |
SLOVENIA
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S5000T 2004 Jurig Vega 250th Anniversary
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NGC PF 69 ULTRA CAMEO
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| Landau and several equations and plots |
RUSSIA - FEDERATION Europe
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Ag .925, 17 g. S2R 2008(SP) L.D.LANDAU KM# 1131
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NGC PF 70 ULTRA CAMEO
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Lev Landau, 1908-1968, Soviet-Azerbaijani physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1962 for his work on superfluidity. Ukraine and Russia each issued coins in 2008 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of his birth.
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