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1858 1C Patterns - Grounding the Eagle

Category:  Pattern Coins
Owner:  mania
Last Modified:  2/26/2024
Set Description

1858 1C Patterns - Grounding the Eagle
(Click on thumbnail to enlarge image)

A large number of one cent patterns were produced in 1858. It is believed that the Flying eagle design of 1857 was unsatisfactory as the strike frequently appeared soft in certain areas of the the head, tail and wingtips.

This set replicates the 1858 set of 12 pieces that the Mint produced and were first distributed to congress and government officials. The set consisted of 11 Patterns and one example of the regular minted 1858 Flying Eagle Cent (Small letter). These sets became very popular and the mint minted additional quantities and as a result there are many die variations.

The patterns obverse were of both of the Flying Eagle design and a new Indian Head Bust (Miss Liberty wearing an Indian headdress). The flying eagle obverse follow the design as minted in 1857 however a second and a smaller version of the eagle (or affectionately called a Skinny Eagle or crooked neck) attributed to Anthony Paquet was produced. The reverse design sampled several combination of different wreaths - Laurel Wreath, Oak Wreath, and an agricultural wreath that was made up with Corn, Wheat, Cotton and Tobacco.



The small eagle distinctive Flying Eagle obverse is considered by many to be even more beautiful than the design chosen for cent coinage from 1856 to 1858.



Out of these patterns James Snowden expressed a preference to the the Secretary of the Treasury for the INDIAN HEAD design that was then adopted in 1859.


1859 - Launching of The INDIAN HEAD Cent

The Flying eagle was discontinued in 1858 and the new 1859 Indian Head motif was selected for production . This was the direct result of the patterns of 1858 and sprung off the J-208 sample which feature a Laurel Wreath and no Shield reverse.






While the mint was pleased with the minting quality of the new Indian Head pieces, several Indian Motif One Cent patterns continued in 1859:
- Oak Wreath and no Shield (J-226)
- Oak Wreath and Ornamental Shield (J-227)
- Oak Wreath with Narrow Shield (J-228)


The J-228 is the transitional piece as starting in 1860 all Indian Head reverses were of the oak wreath with the narrow shield. It was felt that the reverse needed a stronger official statement in the design thus the Shield was added. These so call “Patterns” were struck in mass, believed over 1000 pieces, mostly in Mint State verse Proof format. This leads some to think they were intended to be put into circulation. The J-228 design became the Indian Head design and used (with only minor changes and variations) until 1909.

The only major change to the Indian Cent was in the material, as in 1864 minted shifted from the Copper - Nickel to Bronze. Hoarding was prevalent at this time driven by valuation of Silver & Gold and combined with the fact the mint having difficulty striking using Cu-Ni. The J-299 is considered a transitional piece as it was struck in bronze.


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Mania's US Patterns- WHAT U.S. COINAGE COULD HAVE BEEN

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Set Goals
Establish a set of collectable quality pieces and consider upgrades over time to higher Gem and Cameo grades but in the meanwhile just enjoy the diversity of set as intended by the mint over 150 years ago.

https://collectivecoin.imgix.net/HZ7FC41gRrKiZcmtJZmO_1858%201C%2012%20piece%20set.jpg


Slot Name
Origin/Country
Item Description
Full Grade
Owner Comments
Pics
View Coin 1C Flying Eagle Laurel Wreath United States 1C 1858 J-191 PCGS PF 64
1858 1C Flying Eagle
J-191, Pollock-233, Snow-PT14a, Snow Die Pair II.
Rarity: R.5. PF64; CAC Endorsed & Eagle Eye Photo Seal.


Struck in Copper-Nickel with a Plain Edge

Obverse: The regular issue 1858 Flying Eagle cent die, Small Letters.
Reverse: Laurel wreath design, nearly the sane that as adopted for use on the Indian cent of 1859, but with clusters of five leaves instead of six. This is the more common of the dies variety.

Comment:
Sharply struck on both sides, this pattern Flying Eagle cent is splendid and beautiful in every respect. Both sides retain noticeable amounts of the original "white" surface from the higher nickel alloy. Additionally a slight overlay of reddish patina is seen over each side, a bit deeper in hue on the reverse. The fields are deeply reflective as well, undoubtedly from the lack of any significant color.


This is one of the 12 1858 1c pieces part of the pattern sets distributed to Congress.

Provenance/Appearances:
Stacks and Bowers Nov 2016 Baltimore-Session 6 /Lot 4597; prior Provenance: From the Hoosier Flyer Collection Stacks Aug 2012 Philadelphia ANA /Lot 11207; Heritage Dec 2009 Houston / Lot #1452

View Coin 1C Flying eagle Oak Wreath United States 1C 1858 J-192 PCGS PF 64
1858 1c Flying Eagle
Judd-192, Pollock-235, Snow-PT13
Rarity: R.5, PF64, CAC Endorsed and Photo Seal Endorsement


Struck in copper-nickel with a plain edge

Obverse is the familiar Small Letters 1858 cent.
Reverse Generally resembles the 1860 regular issue reverse, but there is no shield at the top and the closed oak wreath.Three arrows and olive sprig at the base of the wreath.

Comment: Heavy die polish lines and very few actual marks yields a stunning looking coin that is much better than the PCGS grade described. Nice reflective surfaces almost yielding a cameo effect.

This is one of the 12 1858 1c pieces part of the pattern sets distributed to Congress.

Provenance/Appearances
From Sale with Ric Snow Eagle Eye Coins Aug 2017 , Prior Goldberg Auctioneers Feb 13 2008 Pre Long Beach Sale #44 / Lot 2271
View Coin 1C Flying Eagle Oak Wreath w/ Ornamented Shield United States 1C 1858 J-193 NGC PF 62

1859 1c Flying Eagle
Judd-193, Pollock-236, Snow-PT11a
Rarity:R 5, PF62


Struck in copper-nickel with a plain edge.

Obverse: Identical s the issued Small Letters 1858 Flying Eagle design,
Reverse: An oak wreath with a broad ornamental shield at top and a group of three arrows and an olive sprig bound at the bottom.

Blushes of rose-red and orange-gold enrich this satiny and fully struck specimen. The reverse is smooth while the obverse displays faint hairlines. Cameo effect with nice reflective fields

This is one of the 12 1858 1c pieces part of the pattern sets distributed to Congress.

Heritage 2013 April 24 - 28 CSNS US Coin Auction - Chicago / Lot #5318
View Coin 1C Small Flying Eagle Laurel Wreath United States 1C 1858 J-202 PCGS PF 62
1858 1C Flying Eagle Small
J-202, Pollock-245
Rarity: R.5

Eagle Eye Photo Seal.

Struck in copper-nickel with a plain edge.

Obverse: The hook-necked (or Skinny) eagle design (usually attributed to Longacre)
Reverse: a simple laurel wreath with "ONE CENT" in the center. This piece has clusters of five leaves (Pollock-245) vs P-246 with six leaves and a bit scarcer.

Rich golden coloring with the fields nicely mirrored. A few minor specks limits the grade.

This is one of the 12 1858 1c pieces part of the pattern sets distributed to Congress

View Coin 1C Small Flying Eagle Oak Wreath United States 1C 1858 J-203 PCGS PF 62
1858 Indian One Cent
Judd-203, Pollock-247
Rarity: R.5; PR62


Struck in copper-nickel with a plain edge

Obverse: The hook-necked small eagle flying left with tall wings.
Reverse: Oak wreath with the denomination "ONE CENT" in the center an olive sprig and a group of three arrows are wrapped into the bottom of the wreath.

Comment::
This is one of the 12 1858 1c pieces part of the pattern sets distributed to Congress

Provenance/Appearances:
Private Sale Feb 2013 ( No other appearance found)
View Coin 1C Flying Eagle Small Eagle Ornamental shield United States 1C 1858 J-204 PCGS PF 62
1858 1C Flying Eagle
Judd-204 Pollock-248
Rarity: R.5


Struck in copper-nickel with a plain edge

Obverse: The hook-necked (or Skinny) eagle design (usually attributed to Longacre)
Reverse: Oak wreath with the denomination "ONE CENT" in the center and paired with an ornamental shield at the top.


Overall very pleasing example

This is one of the 12 1858 1c pieces part of the pattern sets distributed to Congress

Counterfeits of this design exist and were mentioned by Paul Gilkes in the January 13, 1992 edition of Coin World
View Coin 1C Small Flying Eagle Agricultural Wreath United States 1C 1858 J-206 PCGS PF 64

1858 1C Flying Eagle
Judd-206, Pollock-242, Snow-PT16
Rarity R.5, PF64


Struck in copper-nickel with a plain edge.

Obverse: Paquet's Small Eagle
Reverse: An agricultural wreath with the denomination "ONE CENT" in the center. The Low Leaves reverse. Slight hub doubling is evident on the reverse with the close E in ONE rehubbed with an open E.

This is one of the 12 1858 1c pieces part of the pattern sets distributed to Congress

Evenly mellowed and brown overall. At the right angle the mirrored fields still flash through the brown patina. Sharply struck throughout


Heritage 2017 January 4 - 9 FUN US Coins Auction - Fort Lauderdale / Lot #6493

View Coin 1C Indian Head Laurel Wreath United States 1C 1858 J-208 PCGS PF 64
1858 1c Indian Head
Judd-208, Pollock-259
Rarity: R1. PF64


Struck in copper-nickel with a plain edge.

Obverse: Features the Indian design with Rounded Bust used to strike regular issue Cents from 1860 through early 1864. This is the Pollock/Snow subvariety with a centered date.
Reverse: a laurel wreath with five leaf clusters surrounding “ONE CENT” in the center.

Sharp-to-full in strike, this bold-looking, reddish-tan example is kept from full Gem status by only a few wispy obverse carbon flecks. Popular pattern type!

Pedigree: From the G. Edward Reahl, Jr. M.D. Collection, Part II.
Stack's Bowers - The January 2011 Tampa Bay Rarities Sale Lot #1264
View Coin 1C Indian Head Oak Wreath United States 1C 1858 J-211 PCGS PF 64
1858 Indian Cent
Judd-211, Pollock-262
Rarity:R.4, Eagle Eye photo seal Endorsed


Struck in Copper Nickel with Plain Edge

Obverse: Similar to the issued Indian cent, but is dated 1858. This is the centered date, broad bust point variant P-262
Reverse: Oak wreath with denomination "ONE CENT" in the center and 3 arrows tied off with olive Sprig at the bottom.

Provenance/Appearance:
Private transaction with Rick Snow of Eagle Eye Numismatics Sept 2020



View Coin 1C Indian Head Oak Wreath w/ Ornamental Shield United States 1C 1858 J-212 PCGS PF 62
1858 1C Indian Head
Judd-212, Pollock-263, Snow-PT25,
RARITY: R.4,

PR62 Cameo W/ EAGLE EYE PHOTO SEAL.

Struck in copper-nickel with a plain edge

Obverse: Indian Bust same as used to coin regular issues from 1860 on, with a centered date.

Reverse: Oak wreath with denomination ONE CENT in center and a ornamental shield at top and 3 arrows and olive sprig tied at the bottom

Nicely reflective surfaces with traces of golden red color and frosted devices

This coin was part of a 12 coin set of transitional patterns struck as a replacement for the Flying Eagle cent.
View Coin 1C Indian Head Agricultural Wreath United States 1C 1858 J-213 PCGS PF 64
1858 1C Indian
Judd-213, Pollock 252 Low date Variety
Rarity:High R6 - Low R7, PR64


Struck in copper-nickel with plain edge

Obverse: Indian Head with a pointed bust truncation, faces left, with the date below and the legend UNITED STATES OF AMERICA around the periphery (the adopted obverse for the Indian Head cent of 1859.)

Reverse: denomination ONE CENT within a wreath of corn, wheat, cotton, and tobacco leaves with the ribbon tips distant from the wreath. This variant the leaft that is closest to the C to about even with the base of the C

the J-213 is represented by 4 different die marriages, which gives it an overall rating of R-5 in the Judd reference book. The Low Date varieties are scarcer, with perhaps fewer as High R-6 < 18 pieces .

This coin was part of a 12 coin set of transitional patterns struck as a replacement for the Flying Eagle cent. Like the other patterns in the set, there were combinations of dies used, this one with a Low Date, there are two Pollock numbers assigned to these, with a combined estimate of about 18 known.

The reflective surfaces can be seen in the light, and the strike is bold throughout, especially on the reverse which is known to be weakly struck at times.

The Regency Auction XIX December 2016

View Coin 1C Indian Head 1859 Oak Wreath United States 1C 1859 J-226 PCGS PF 64
1859 1C Indian
Judd-226, Pollock-270, Snow-PT2
Rarity: High R.6, PR64, CAC Endorsed

Ex: Simpson.


Struck in copper-nickel with a plain edge.

Obverse: The same Indian Bust as the issued 1859 cent with the pointed bust truncation.
Reverse: Resembles the issued cent reverse of 1860 with the oak wreath and "ONE CENT" denomination in the center but lacks a shield at the top.

Comment:
This obverse / reverse pairing is scarcer than most Indian cent patterns from this era with fewer than a dozen pieces known. This is a deeply mirrored example whose obverse is several shades lighter than the reddish-tinged reverse. Light carbon specking is scattered over each side.

Interesting that this is a seldom seen pattern especially since it viewed as High R.6 Rarity with some 20 pieces extant

Provenance/Appearances:
From the Bob Simpson Sale Part 4 Heritage Feb 2021 Dallas Signature Auction /Lot #3148
View Coin 1C Indian Head 1859 Oak Wreath w/ Ornamental Shield United States 1C 1859 J-227 NGC PF 63
1859 Indian Cent
Judd-227, Pollock-271
Rarity Low R.6, CAC.endorsed

Ex: The Eric P. Newman Collection


Struck in copper-nickel with a plain edge

Obverse: The same Indian Bust as the issued 1859 cent with the pointed bust truncation.
Reverse: Resembles the issued cent reverse of 1860 with the oak wreath and "ONE CENT" denomination in the center but with a broad ornamental shield has been added at the top.

Comment:
This attractive Select specimen exhibits sharply detailed design elements and matte like surfaces on the obverse, with just a few hints of reflectivity. The reverse is equally sharp, with a lighter, satiny appearance overall. Areas of light brown toning mix with the original orange-red. The overall effect is quite appealing

A side note per Heritage catalog was an early auction appearance was in lot 108 of the Lorin G. Parmelee Collection (New York Coin & Stamp), where it was listed in the pattern section along with an example of Judd-228:

"1859 Cents: Indian heads (adopted type). R oak wreath: garnished and plain shields: former rare: cop-nickel: uncirc.; 3 pcs."


From the cataloger's comments, Judd-227 must have been a more challenging issue in 1890 than it is today. Perhaps several examples surfaced in William Woodin's hoard in 1910.

Provenance/Appearance:
From The Eric P. Newman Collection Heritage April 2013 CSNS Signature Auction - Chicago / Lot #3923; Prior "Colonel" E.H.R. Green; Green Estate; Partnership of Eric P. Newman / B.G. Johnson d.b.a. St. Louis Stamp & Coin Co.; Eric P. Newman @ $12.50; Eric P. Newman Numismatic Education Society.


.
View Coin 1C Indian Head 1859 Oak Wreath with Narrow Shield United States 1C 1859 J-228 PCGS MS 66
1859 Indian One Cent
Judd-228, Pollock-272.
Rarity: R.1, PR66


Struck in Copper-Nickel with Plain Edge.

Obverse: The same Indian Bust as the issued 1859 cent with the pointed bust truncation.

Reverse: Again this resembles the issued cent reverse of 1860 with the oak wreath and "ONE CENT" denomination the in the center and teh 3 arrows and Olive Sprig at the bottom but this one includes the Formal Federal shield at the top as used from 1860 on.

Comment:
This mint state example displays blended shades of golden-bronze adorn each side of this superior Gem, accented by tremendous proof like reflectivity in the fields. This is a popular transitional issue, circulation strike survivors of which are almost exclusively in Mint State, as this one. This fact suggests that these coins were distributed to collectors, possibly in trade for items to grow the Mint Cabinet collection. This example is among the finest survivors known.

Provenance/Appearance:
Stacks and Bowers March 2021 Featuring the Fairmont Collection / Lot 5601; Prior: Ex Bowers and Ruddy Galleries, privately circa 1980
View Coin 1863 Indian Head In Copper United States 1C 1863 J-299 THIN NGC PF 65 BN
1859 1C Indian
Judd-299, Pollock-359, Snow-PT1a,
Rarity: R.3, P65BN


Struck in bronze on a thin planchet with a plain edge

This piece is another transitional variety Indian head piece; similar to the 1864 No L bronze cent but dated 1863. In this time period all regular issue cents were of copper-nickel. The dies exhibit medallic alignment, as usual for Judd-299.

Heritage auction described this cent as "a razor-sharp Gem whose deeply patinated surfaces display olive-green and ruby-red undertones. Immaculate save for a small spot above the 6 in the date and a few strike-throughs on the obverse rim between 8 and 9 o'clock."

Heritage Sept 2011 Long Beach / Lot #4164
View Coin 1C 1858 Flying Eagle Small Letter as Minted United States 1C 1858 SMALL LETTERS PCGS MS 64 Rotated dies 10 deg
View Coin 1859 Indian Head as minted United States 1C 1859 PCGS MS 64 CAC Caramel-gold overall with hints of olive and peach toning. A lustrous and crisply struck near-Gem

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