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US Aluminum patterns

Category:  Pattern Coins
Owner:  mania
Last Modified:  5/17/2024
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Slot: 3CS
Origin/Country: United States
Design Description: PATTERNS & TRIAL COINS 1792-1863
Item Description: 3CS 1863 J-322
Grade: PCGS PF 62
Research: View Coin
Owner Comments

1863 Three Cent Silver,
Judd-322, Pollock-387
Rarity High R.7, PR62 CAC Endorsed


Struck in Aluminum with plain edge

Obverse/Reverse: 3 Cent Silver dies of the year but stuck in aluminum

Comment:
Although described in the literature as "regular dies trial pieces," Judd-322 is a restrike from the early 1870s, and initially offered as part of complete off-metal sets with the silver coinage of this year containing quarter, half dollar, and dollar which had the reverses of 1866 with the motto IN GOD WE TRUST above the eagle.

Generally very pleasing with an icy look. A stone-gray example with well struck central motifs. The peripheral stars show occasional softness. The central reverse displays several hair-thin and granular horizontal lines as made at the mint.

Provenance/Appearances:
FROM THE SEATTLE COLLECTION, Legends March 2020 RCA #37 / Lot #117; Priors
From THE STEVEN COOK COLLECTION, PART 2. Legend's 7/26/2018 RCA / Lot #520;
Heritage Oct 2014 PNG New York Invitational - New York, NY /Lot 4173;
Stacks and Bowers Sept 1997 / Lot 1088 ($3300);
Superior Galleries 6/1985 The Robert O. Lawson Collection / Lot 260 ($475)
Slot: 10C
Origin/Country: United States
Design Description: PATTERNS & TRIAL COINS 1792-1863
Item Description: 10C 1863 J-327
Grade: PCGS PF 64
Research: View Coin
Owner Comments

1863 10C Ten Cents,
Judd-327, Pollock-397
Rarity: High R.6, PR64

Ex: Simpson.


Struck in aluminum with a plain edge

Obverse: The obverse depicts a Union shield pierced by two arrows; a simple wreath rests above. The remainder of the design consists of token-like legends; EXCHANGED FOR U.S. NOTES

Reverse:
In the center “10 CENTS” and the Date “1863” with “POSTAL CURRENCY” wraps at top and “ACT JULY 1862” wraps at the bottom border.

Comment:
Seated coinage was silver and widely hoarded. Judd-327 was a proposal to fill the void, though fractional currency was eventually issued instead. This is a well struck piece with lightly marked surfaces exhibit medium steel-gray toning with glimpses of charcoal patina.

During the Postage Currency experiment, samples were prepared utilizing various compositions. Mint Director Pollock sent various samples to Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase, with a description of each. Regarding the aluminum samples, Pollock noted “In aluminum, one weighs eight grains: about as thin as would be practicable: intrinsic value about five cents; nominal value ten cents.” An interesting side note to this report is the value of aluminum in 1863, about $3.00 per troy ounce.
This aluminum striking is especially important from a numismatic viewpoint.

Provenance/Appearance:
From the Bob Simpson Collection Heritage Jan 2021 FUN Signature Auction / Lot #3099; Prior
- Heritage Jan 2007 (FUN) / Lot #1288 (passed) NGC 64 (Passed)
- American Numismatic Rarities 1/3/2006 sale of the Prescott Collection / Lot #884 (NGC64) (Passed)
- Heritage May 2005 (CNSN) / Lot #8305 (passed) NGC 64 (Passed)

Slot: 25C
Origin/Country: United States
Design Description: PATTERNS & TRIAL COINS 1792-1863
Item Description: 25C 1863 J-337
Grade: PCGS PF 65
Research: View Coin
Owner Comments

1863 25C Quarter Dollar,
Judd-337, Pollock-409
Rarity: High R.7, PF65+ CAC Endorsed


Struck in aluminum with a reeded edge.

Obverse: Similar to the regular-issue Seated quarter of the year.

Reverse: The reverse is also similar in design but bears the With "IN GOD WE TRUST" Motto motif on a scroll, as adopted officially in 1866.

Comment:
The so-called transitional quarter using the reverse of 1866-1891.

These and the other "with motto" patterns of this date and also 1864 and possibly 1865 are actually restrikes made circa 1869 and into the early 1870s and offered with restrikes of other denominations in complete sets. The reverse die used here is the same as on the 1869 and 1870 pattern and trial pieces and 1871 J1093-5 with die rust between the eagle's right (observers left) wing and the olive branch. The Bass foundation example shows extensive rust and may be a very late striking as shown below.

This aluminum J337/P409 has at least 4 confirmed.per USPattern.com

1) Manfra, Tordella,& Brooks 1974 TB - T.R. Walsh
2) Kagin’s Aug 1977 ANA, unknown intermediates, Simpson-Heritage 1/21 - PCGS67
3) Exemplar collection, Heritage 4/13 as NGC65, Stacks&Bowers 8/15 ANA, Legend Auctions 7/18 - PCGS65
4) RARCOA 1/73, Stacks 1/87, possibly the piece graded PCGS64 in their census as it was there prior to #3 being offered.
5) Great Collections 1/30/22 (This piece) possibly the same as #4 (While there are no photos in those auctions the Stacks 1/87 Lot 552 description referred to a row of tiny marks on Liberty which is similar to marks found on this piece)

As there are 5 known of the half dollar and dollar, it is likely another exists. Judd 7th edition notes that one was in the Dr Michal collection which likely is one of above or the 5th piece.

Provenance/ Appearances:
From Great collections Auction 1/30/2022 , Possible RARCOA Jan 1973 FUN Lot # 563; Stacks Jan 1987 / Lot #522
Slot: 50C
Origin/Country: United States
Design Description: PATTERNS & TRIAL COINS 1792-1863
Item Description: 50C 1863 J-344
Grade: PCGS PF 64
Research: View Coin
Owner Comments

1863 50C Half Dollar
Judd-344, Pollock-416
Rarity: High R.7, PR64
EX: THE BOYLSTON COLLECTION


Struck in Aluminum with Reeded Edge

Obverse: The obverse die is the design used on regular-issue half dollars in 1863.
Reverse: The reverse features the normal perched eagle design, with the addition of the scroll and motto IN GOD WE TRUST above the eagle's head.

Comment:
While traditionally called a "transitional" half dollar, this and other With Motto patterns were actually struck for the collector trade and were offered by the Mint with restrikes of other denominations as complete sets.

Highly brilliant reflective surfaces gleam boldly. There are some minor toning streaks on both sides attesting to the originality of this near-GEM example. Strong glass reveals some light lines and a minute mint made planchet flaw on the reverse by the ribbon. The eye appeal is nice for the grade, and there are no issues that often plague aluminum planchets, however, there is faint retained laminations (as made) are found near the eagle's beak and the base of the first T in STATES.

Provenance/Appearances:
From THE BOYLSTON COLLECTION, PART IV Legends Auction 57 Feb 2023 /Lot # 289; priors:
- Kagin's Aug 1977 (ANA Session 3) / Lot 115
- Kagin's July 1978 Metropolitan Washington Auction / Lot 643
- Kagin's ANA Auction, August 1983, lot 3045;
- Kagin's San Diego Sale, May 1987, lot 3185;
- Frank O. Fredericks Collection, Part III, Heritage, January 2004, lot 8423;
- American Numismatic Rarities' Robert Michael Prescott Collection sale, January 2006, lot 903;
- Heritage, April 2017, lot 5092;
Slot: 5C
Origin/Country: United States
Design Description: PATTERNS & TRIAL COINS 1864-1869
Item Description: 5C 1867 J-561
Grade: PCGS PF 64
Research: View Coin
Owner Comments

1867 5c
Judd-561, Pollock-622
Rarity: R.5 PF64 CAC Endorsed


Struck in Aluminum with Plain Edge

Obverse: A Liberty head on the obverse faces left. She wears a headdress with four feather, four stars, and a ribbon inscribed UNION & LIBERTY. Below the bust is LONGACRE F.

Reverse: The reverse is striking with a large ornate shield with a superimposed large V in the center.

Comment:
Most brilliant though a glimpse of gunmetal-gray is near AMERICA. Well struck and undisturbed with faint vertical die polish lines on both sides.

Harry W Bass web site indicates that early notes, even including comments from Longacre, suggest that only 25 pieces were struck. However, a note made in a copy of the sale catalogue offering the collection of J. Colvin Randall stated ~100 were minted.

Provenance/Appearance:
Private transaction Feb 2014: priors:
- Heritage Jan 2013 FUN / Lot #6694;
- Stacks and Bowers Aug 2012 ANA /Lot #12089
Slot: 3CN
Origin/Country: United States
Design Description: PATTERNS & TRIAL COINS 1864-1869
Item Description: 3CN 1868 J-621
Grade: PCGS PF 64 Cameo
Research: View Coin
Owner Comments

1868 3CN
Judd-621, Pollock-690
Rarity: Low R.7, PR64+ Cam CAC Endorsed.

Ex: Garrett-Simpson.


Struck in aluminum with a plain edge

Obverse/ Reverse. This piece used the dies of the regular three cent nickel design of the year..

Comment:
About a half dozen examples of Judd-621 are thought to exist. This piece lists the Garrett pedigree on the holder but the coin does not match the examples that Heritage offered in 2013. It may be the from the original aluminum set sold in 1997.

Both sides are Cameo-contrasted and all-brilliant with light die polish in the fields.

Provenance/ Appearance:
From Bob Simpson Collection Heritage Aug 2021 ANA WFOM US Coins Signature Auction / Lot #3097
priors:
R.A. Britton (H.G. Sampson, 2/1882), lot 956;
T. Harrison Garrett; Garrett Collection; Johns Hopkins University (Bowers and Ruddy, 11/1979), lot 396;
Superior 10/89 Heifetz sale,
Heritage 1/13 FUN, Simpson, set now broken up - Heritage 8/21 ANA
Slot: 50C
Origin/Country: United States
Design Description: PATTERNS & TRIAL COINS 1864-1869
Item Description: 50C 1868 J-651
Grade: PCGS PF 63
Research: View Coin
Owner Comments

1868 50C
Judd-651, Pollock-724
Rarity: High R.7 PR63

Ex Pittman & Lenox Lohr Collection


Struck in Aluminum with Reeded edge

Obverse and Reverse: The same designs that the Mint used to strike regular issue 1868 half dollars0.

Comment:
This is a lovely Choice Proof with bright silver white surfaces that exhibit appreciable cameo contrast to the finish. The website uspatterns.com notes that these were struck predominantly for sale to contemporary collectors as part of off metal Proof sets. Only a half dozen specimens of Judd-651 are believed extant.

David Akers Pittman Pt 1 catalog description …


“Numerous light hairlines in the fields, more prevalent on the obverse than they are on the reverse, which is actually very choice. Very sharply struck with a partial wire rim on both obverse and reverse. It appears that the rim might have been filed in places”



The Akers catalog on the Pittman auction noted that this piece was one of the twelve pieces that consist of most of the coins in the set of 1868 regular dies trial pieces struck in aluminum and

“… Missing, however, are the Indian Head Cent, the Two Cent piece, the Shield Nickel and the Ten Dollar gold piece. John J Pittman purchased almost all of this partial set from just two sources, Abe Kosoff’s 1958 ANA sale, and Empire Coin Co. in 1961. Unfortunately, he was unsuccessful in his attempts to complete it. He did own the Shield Nickel at one time, but it was stolen in the home invasion robbery of April 10, 1964. Four or five complete aluminum dies trial sets were struck in 1868 at the instruction of Henry R. Linderman, Director of the Mint. One of these sets, in an original leather presentation case, was in the Garrett Collection sale in 1979, Lot 396. This set later appeared in the 1997 ANA sale as Lot 7289. Another nearly complete set (undoubtedly assembled rather than original) was offered as individual pieces in Bowers and Merena’s 1984 Arnold/Romisa sale. It was missing only the Nickel Three Cent and Five Cent pieces. Another complete set, an original set in the possession of descendants of Hugh McCulloch, Secretary of the Treasury in 1868, reportedly was sold privately in recent years. In addition to the 4-5 complete sets, apparently a few extra pieces of each denomination were also struck."



Provenance/Appearance:
Direct sale David Lawrence July 2020; Priors:
- From the E. Horatio Morgan Collection, Stacks and Bowers Aug 2019 ANA - Session 5 Part 4 /Lot 3353,
- Also David Akers Oct 1997 The John Jay Pittman Collection: Part 1 / Lot # 788 ($2420) - and statement prior Purchased from Stack’s Metropolitan New York Numismatic Aution May 1962, featuring R.E. Cox, Jr. collection of half dollars / Lot 2225, for $160. - Previously in the Lenox Lohr Collection


Slot: 1$
Origin/Country: United States
Design Description: PATTERNS & TRIAL COINS 1864-1869
Item Description: S$1 1868 J-652
Grade: NGC PF 63 CAMEO
Research: View Coin
Owner Comments

1868 1$
Judd-652, Pollock-725
Rarity: High R.7, PR63 Cam CAC Endorsed


Struck in Aluminum with Reeded edge

Obverse and Reverse: The same designs that the Mint used to strike regular issue 1868 dollars.

Comment::
This is a beautiful Aluminum piece without the issues typical of Aluminum patterns with no lamination or oxidation. Deep reflective fields showcase the devices with a net cameo appearance.

Until the mid-1880s, when a new process to separate aluminum from its ores caused the price of the metal to plunge, aluminum was considered a precious metal. Today aluminum is common, but pattern silver dollar coinage remains quite precious to a large subset of pattern specialists.

Four or five complete aluminum dies trial sets were struck in 1868 at the instruction of Henry R. Linderman, Director of the Mint. One of these sets, in an original leather presentation case, was in the Garrett Collection sale in 1979, Lot 396. This set later appeared in the 1997 ANA sale as Lot 7289. Another nearly complete set (undoubtedly assembled rather than original) was offered as individual pieces in Bowers and Merena’s 1984 Arnold/Romisa sale. It was missing only the Nickel Three Cent and Five Cent pieces. Another complete set, an original set in the possession of descendants of Hugh McCulloch, Secretary of the Treasury in 1868, reportedly was sold privately in recent years [ Later appeared in the Eric P Newman Auction Heritage 2014 lot 3341 – 3456 and broken up and sold individually]. In addition to the 4-5 complete sets, apparently a few extra pieces of each denomination may have been struck, because today an estimated 6-8 specimens are believed known of each denomination. The 1st set was reported to have been auction by Ebenezer Locke Mason Oct 4 1870 Lot 1381, followed by 6 other recorded auctions in the 19th century with sets. In 1871 the set sold the prior year in 1870 was broken up and sold individually and believe the 1$ was resold in 1879.

Provenance/Appearance:
Private sale Oct 2022, No prior appearances can be trace.
Slot: 1$G
Origin/Country: United States
Design Description: PATTERNS & TRIAL COINS 1864-1869
Item Description: G$1 1868 J-653
Grade: NGC PF 63
Research: View Coin
Owner Comments

1868 $1 Gold Dollar
Judd-653, Pollock-726
Rarity: High R.7, PR63


Struck in Aluminum with Reeded edge

Obverse and Reverse:
The regular dies trial piece for the gold dollar.

Comment:
According to the USPatterns,com: "These were deliberately struck to show how easily aluminum coined ..." Only a half-dozen pieces are believed known today. Since aluminum is a malleable metal, the strike definition is complete throughout.

The surfaces are bright, and the only identifying imperfection is a planchet flaw on the reverse just left of the 1 in the denomination.

Provenance/Appearance:
From The Estate of Charles W. Montgomery, Part II, Heritage Dec 2023 Signature® Auction / Lot #3671 priors:
- John E Drew Collection Bowers & Merena Mar 1996 / Lot #2067
- Steve Ivy April 1977 (Trinity Sale) / Lot #1102;
- Steve Ivy Oct 1977 (Brazos sale) / Lot #102
Slot: 2.5$
Origin/Country: United States
Design Description:
Item Description: 1868 2.5$ J-654 Pittman
Grade: PCGS PF 64
Research: View Coin
Owner Comments

1868 $2 1/2 Quarter Eagle
Judd-654, Pollock-727
Rarity: Low R.7, PR64

Ex: Pittman



Struck in Aluminum with Reeded edge

Obverse and Reverse:
Regular dies trial issue for the quarter eagle.

Comment:
Cased sets of regular dies coinage struck in aluminum were sold to collectors in 1868 and 1869. About six to eight examples of this pattern issue are known today.

Very thin planchet, which is the reason for the low weight. The reverse has a trace of corrosion and some light hairlines. The obverse has a spot on the cheek to the left of the earlobe as well as a semi-circular cut on the truncation of the neck directly above the last 8 in the date. Full light gray brilliance appears on both sides of this piece; weakly struck at the denticles.

7.5 grains.

Provenance/Appearance:
From The Estate of Charles W. Montgomery, Heritage Nov 2023 Dallas / Lot #3282 Priors: Ex: 1958 ANA Sale (Abe Kosoff, 8/1958), lot 1607; John J. Pittman Collection (David Akers, 10/1997), lot 791; Superior Sept 1998 / Lot 1893; JJP purchased at Kosoff's 1958 ANA Convention sale / Lot #1607 for 65$
Slot: 5$
Origin/Country: United States
Design Description: PATTERNS & TRIAL COINS 1864-1869
Item Description: $5 1868 J-659
Grade: PCGS PF 63
Research: View Coin
Owner Comments

1868 5$ Dual Denomination Pattern $5-25 Francs
Judd-659, Pollock-732
Low R.7, PR63


Struck in aluminum with a plain edge

Obverse:
Anthony Paquet's design Bust of Liberty facing left with the legend UNITED STATES OF AMERICA around the date 1868 below. LIBERTY is inscribed on a ribbon that bounds her hair, and a single star is mounted on the ribbon.

Reverse:
The reverse is simply inscribed "5 / DOLLARS / 25 / FRANCS" in the center with a laurel and oak wreath surrounding. About a dozen examples are known with a similar number of reeded edge aluminum pieces known.

Comment:
This was Paquet’s response to the June 1867 international monetary convention in Paris that was proposed an international Gold standard for trade and the subsequent request in Congress for a creation of an international 5$ gold coin. Each country (except France ) was to adjust some standard on their coinage to establish a common coin and this piece would have weigh 124 -9/20 grains making it equal to the 25 franc piece.

This example is a well struck and the surfaces are bright with the frosted cameo appearance. The few specks of oxidation are seen on each side which may have limited the grade.

Provenance:
The Collection of William Rau. Heritage 2018 April 25 - 29 CSNS - Chicago / Lot #4990. Also appears to be from The Dr. Jon Kardatzke Collection part II June 2000 Ira and Larry Goldberge / Lot 1070 which also had a noted reference as The Madison Collection and from the Empire Coin Company

Slot: 10$
Origin/Country: United States
Design Description: PATTERNS & TRIAL COINS 1864-1869
Item Description: $10 1868 J-663
Grade: PCGS PF 64
Research: View Coin
Owner Comments

1868 $10 Ten Dollar
Judd-663, Pollock-736
Rarity: Low R.6, PR64


Struck in aluminum with a reeded edge.

Obverse: The obverse has a large bust of Liberty facing left with thirteen stars around and the date below.

Reverse: A small eagle with upraised wings as the central motif, the motto on a scroll in the field above, and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA / TEN D. at the margin.

Comment: Believed to be a Longacre design as the Head of Liberty is that used on the Nickel Three cents a used in 1865. About a dozen aluminum examples of this design combination are known. The surfaces are bright throughout and the fields display deep reflectivity. A lamination, resembling a smudge, is seen on the face of Liberty, which undoubtedly accounts for the grade. Also there is a very high wire rim on obverse.

Technical Details: 39.3 grains. Diameter: 1.067 inches. Die alignment: 180°.

Provenance/Appearances:
From The Pacific Rim Collection, Heritage Nov 2021 Signature® Auction / Lot #3482; Prior
- FROM THE STEVEN COOK COLLECTION, PART 2 Legend’s Jul 2018 The Regency Auction 27 / Lot #540;
- Stacks March 2014 Baltimore / Lot #6139;
- Heritage Dec 2013 Signature Auction - Houston / Lot #3941;
- Heritage Mar 2002 Internet Auction / Lot #15534;
- Bowers and Merena March 1993 / Lot #2078 (PF63/65) ($3080)
Slot: 10$
Origin/Country: United States
Design Description: PATTERNS & TRIAL COINS 1864-1869
Item Description: $10 1868 J-664
Grade: PCGS PF 64
Research: View Coin
Owner Comments

1868 $10 Ten Dollars
Judd-664, Pollock-739
Rarity: High R.7, PR64

Ex: Garrett-Simpson.


Struck in aluminum with a reeded edge

Obverse/Reverse: The design is identical to the regular-issue Liberty Head eagle for the year.

Comment:
This off-metal pattern was issued and sold to collectors as part of a complete set of aluminum coinage. One such set formed part of the Garrett Collection. Although the Garrett pedigree is listed on the holder, this piece does not match the Garrett example that Heritage offered previously. It is a rarity nonetheless, however, and one of only six or so pieces known.

Fully struck from polished dies, this aluminum ten dollar is brilliant and partially contrasted.

Heritage Auctions questions the PCGS Label reference to the Garrett Collection ... however in comparing photos to the Superior Oct 1989 (Jascha Heifetz Collection Sale) lot #3283 there appears to be a couple of rim diagnostics that are similar. That set claims pedigree as .Previously from Bowers and Ruddy's Garrett Sale 1 , November 1979, Lot 396, earlier from Sampson's sale, held February 16-17, 1882, conducted by Bang's & Co

Provenance/Appearance:
From the Bob Simpson Collection Heritage Feb 2021 Signature Auction / Lot #3208; possible priors:
- Superior Oct 1989 (Jascha Heifetz Collection Sale) lot #3283;
= Bowers and Ruddy's Garrett Sale 1 , November 1979, Lot 396, earlier from
- Sampson's sale, held February 16-17, 1882, conducted by Bang's & Co


Slot: 25C
Origin/Country: United States
Design Description: PATTERNS & TRIAL COINS 1864-1869
Item Description: 25C 1869 J-737
Grade: PCGS PF 65 Cameo
Research: View Coin
Owner Comments

1869 25C Standard Silver Quarter,
Judd-737, Pollock-818
Rarity: High R.7; PR65CAM CAC Endorsed


Struck in Aluminum with a Reeded edge.

Obverse: Liberty, wearing a headband inscribed with LIBERTY in raised letters and a star at the front, faces right. A plain ribbon gracefully flows through Liberty's hair and across her shoulders. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA is at the upper rim, with IN GOD WE TRUST in a ribbon below.
Reverse: The denomination "25 CENTS' in the center of a wreath composed of oak and laurel leaves, "STANDARD SILVER" is above the wreath and the date "1869" is below and outside the wreath at the border

Comment:
A minimally toned Gem with reflective fields. The strike shows incompleteness on the IB in LIBERTY and the EN in CENTS. Virtually as made, with lamination near the UN in UNITED and about the reverse periphery.

Provenance/Appearances:
From Great Collections Jan 22 2023 / Lot# 1295536, Prior Heritage Sept 2014 Long Beach / Lot #4330 ,and , From The Thompson Collection of US Patterns, Heritage Aug 2011 (Chicago) /Lot# 5263 (AS NGCPR64)
Slot: 5C
Origin/Country: United States
Design Description: PATTERNS & TRIAL COINS 1870-1873
Item Description: H10C 1870 J-814
Grade: PCGS PF 64 Cameo
Research: View Coin
Owner Comments

1870 H10C Standard Silver Half Dime
Judd-814, Pollock-903
Rarity: R.8, PF64+Cameo; CAC Endorsed


Struck in Aluminum with plain edge

Obverse: The Barber Standard Silver design with Liberty seated with hand resting on a shield and Liberty pole behind.

Reverse: The reverse displays 5 CENTS surrounded by a wreath of cotton and corn with STANDARD across the top.

Comment:
Only two pieces are known of this rarity. Each side is bright with deeply mirrored fields that set up the "black" background for the frosted devices, producing the cameo effect. Brilliant throughout and unoxidized.

The US Pattern.com site states that there may be only 2 or 3 known pieces including a piece referenced from the Brand collection (journal #14286 and/or 92500:1042). One of these pieces is ex Farouk, Caldwell (B/R 11/73 Rothert sale) specimen. This piece and the Farouk piece may be the only example auctioned in the last 50 years.

Provenance/ Appearances:
From Heritage Aug 2022 / Lot #5278, Prior Heritage Sept 2020 / Lot #3870

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