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Franklin Delano Roosevelt (March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945)
• Born: January 30, 1882
• Birthplace: Hyde Park, New York
• Died: April 12, 1945
• Best Known As: 32nd President of the
United States; “FDR”
Franklin Roosevelt, also known by his famous initials FDR, was born on January 30, 1882, in the town of Hyde Park, New York. He was born as the only child of wealthy families of Dutch and French origin in New York. He was experienced with an affluent life. He regularly visited Europe, making him more knowledge- able of European current events. He learned to ride, play polo, row, shoot and play lawn tennis. Franklin Roosevelt also took golf in his teenage years and became an expert long-ranged hitter. He also learned how to sail, because his father provided him with a sailboat which was named “New Moon”.
He created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to give people assurance in the banks. By the year 1935, two years after he was appointed as President of the United States, the country finally achieved some recovery. Roosevelt created a new program of reform like social security and implemented heavier taxes on wealthy members of society, new controls over banks and utilities of the public and a mass relief program for the unemployed. He then made it again to the top in the presidential election of 1936. He required the legislation to expand the Supreme Court that invalidated the key of the New Deal Measure. He lost his battle with the Supreme Court but there was a revolution that took place in Constitutional Law. After that, the economy was legally regulated. When Roosevelt was appointed as the President, he promised a “good neighbor” policy to his country that transformed the Monroe Doctrine into an arrangement for mutual action against aggressors from a unilateral American manifesto. He also required the legislation to keep the United States protected from war in Europe.
Roosevelt was known as a great man from the time of his childhood. He was an active man but everything was ruined by sickness that touched his body. There was a time in the summer of 1921 when Franklin and his family went on a vacation to their vacation home in New Brunswick. The day after they arrived in the said vacation home, Franklin Roosevelt started to feel weak after several outdoor activities. After his active day, he went to bed early and woke up with the worst feeling he ever had: he was experiencing high fever and pain and weakness in his legs. And there was another problem. On August 12, 1921 he found that he could no longer walk on his legs. Eleanor, his wife, called a lot of doctors to check the situation of Franklin Roosevelt. Until a Dr. Robert Lovett came and diagnosed Roosevelt with a poliomyelitis disease. The polio was an unfortunately common disease in its severest form that can cause paralysis. At Franklin’s age of 39, he lost the function of his both legs. But he did not let himself get ruined by his sickness; Roosevelt had his leg braced to align them straight. The braces allowed Roosevelt to stand and at least walk slowly. Franklin Roosevelt also had modified his car to accommodate his disability. He installed a set of hand controls over foot pedals for him to sit and continue to drive. Even though he was experiencing physical difficulty, he never lost his sense of humor and charisma.
On October 12th, 1945, Franklin sat in the living room of his cottage, sharing lively conversation with friends and relatives but he then suddenly grabbed his head and exclaimed that he had the most terrible pain. A great cerebral hemorrhage ended his life in a few minutes. When he died, it was included in his last willing testament that the Warm Springs foundation will be benefited of insurance policies of $ 560,000; he then left the remaining estate for his wife worth $ 1,900,000, which was transferred to their children on the death of Eleanor Roosevelt.
Secretary of the Treasury appointed by President Roosevelt:
• William H. Woodin (New York, New York)
March 5, 1933 – December 31, 1933
• Henry Morgenthau, Jr. (Poughkeepsie,
New York) January 1, 1934 – July 22,
1945
United States Mint Directors Appointed by President Roosevelt:
• Nellie Tayloe Ross (Wyoming) - May 3,
1933 – April 1953
Coinage legislation under President Roosevelt:
• March 6, 1933 - issues Executive Order
6260, prohibiting further release of gold
coins, forbidding private citizens holding
gold coins or paper money redeemable in
gold, ordering all to turn in gold coins and
bullion.
• April 5, 1933 - issues Executive Order
6102, requiring public to turn in gold
certificates, bullion, and coins for
placement in the Federal Reserve.
• April 19, 1933 - announces US will leave
the gold standard.
• August 28, 1933 - issues Executive Order
6260, allowing exemptions to the gold
ownership ban for up to $100, and for
gold coins of recognized collector value.
• December 21 - issues an Executive
Proclamation authorizing the US
Treasury to coin half of the 97.7 million
ounces of silver bullion agreed to be
purchased over the next four years.
• Act of June 19, 1934: It authorized the
treasury secretary of the Treasury to
purchase silver at home and abroad.
• Act of August 13, 1935: Authorized the
secretary of war to transfer to the
jurisdiction and control of the secretary of
the treasury portions of the property
within the Fort Knox Military Reservation
in Kentucky.
• Act of June 22, 1936: Appropriated
approximately $1.48 million through June
30, 1937, to cover the cost of transporting
bullion and coins from the mints and
assay offices to the Fort Knox Bullion
Depository.
• Act of August 21, 1937: Authorized the
secretary of war to transfer to the
jurisdiction and control of the secretary of
the treasury portions of the property within
the West Point Military Reservation in New
York. Authorized the secretary of the
treasury to construct a building for use as
a depository and for carrying out any other
functions or duties of the treasury
department.
Number minted: 25,000 Number sold: 15,453